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Before you begin
When updating your Drupal 7 there are multiple options to choose from. If you are not yet familiar with all those options, for you to get an easier and more pleasant experience, it is recommended to start with the introduction which summarizes all your options to choose from.

Update process
The standard process of updating is as follows:

1. Take backups of all files and database
2. Put site in Maintenance Mode (under Configuration / Development)
3. Find your web root folder if it is called www rename it to www_old.
4. Download the latest version of Drupal 7 core. Unzip the files and delete the sites folder locally.
5. Upload all the files to the server into a new directory www. (Make sure this www folder has the same permissions as the previous folder www_old)
6. Move the sites folder from www_old/sites to www/sites. (This assumes any contributed modules, custom themes etc. that you use are in the sites directory)
7. If changes have been made to robots.txt or .htaccess in the new version ensure these are incorporated into your version. The release notes should tell you whether this is required. Otherwise copy your previous versions from www_old to www.
8. Run Update.php by visiting yourdomain.com/update.php
9. While Update.php runs if you got any errors like below use the Module missing message fixer to overcome these errors.(For 7.5x versions only)
   

   • The following module is missing from the file system: MODULE NAME. In order to fix this, put the module back in its original location. For more information, see the documentation page.
     OR
   • User warning: The following module is missing from the file system: MODULE NAME. In order to fix this, put the module back in its original location. For more information, see the the documentation page. in _drupal_trigger_error_with_delayed_logging()

10. Switch off maintenance mode by reversing step 2
11. Take some time to test the site is functioning as expected.
12. Remove the www_old folder if all is working correctly.